How to Draw a Planarization

نویسندگان

  • Thomas Bläsius
  • Marcel Radermacher
  • Ignaz Rutter
چکیده

In this thesis we study the problem of computing a straight-line representation of a planarization with a fixed combinatorial structure. By the results of Mnëv [Mnë88] and Shor [Sho91] this problem is as hard as the Existential Theory of the Reals (∃R-Complete). We present a heuristic called Geometric Planarization Drawing to compute a straight-line representation of a planarization. We take an iterative approach inspired by a force-directed method utilizing geometric operations to place a vertex to a locally optimal position. The core of our algorithm is the planarity region, in which we can move a vertex without changing the embedding. We take a statistical approach to evaluate the final drawings of different configurations of our Geometric Planarization Drawing approach. The evaluation shows that we improve the initial drawing, and find better results than our implementation of a force-directed method based on PrEd [Ber99]. Depending on the number of crossings per edge, a relaxation of the constraints improves the final drawing. To the best of our knowledge, the Geometric Planarization Drawing approach is the first heuristic to tackle the problem of straight-line representations of a planarization. In practice, our algorithms finds close to optimal solutions for drawings with at most 3 crossings per edge. Deutsche Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir wie sich geradlinige Zeichnungen von Planarisierung berechnen lassen. Mnëv [Mnë88] und Shor [Sho91] konnten zeigen, dass dieses Problem so schwer ist wie die Existential Theory of the Reals (∃R-vollständig). Wir stellen eine Heuristik zum geradlinigen Zeichnen von Planarisierung vor. Unser Geoemtric Planarization Drawing Ansatz geht iterativ vor, ähnlich zu einem kräftebasierten Verfahren. Wir nutzen geometrische Operationen um nacheinander Knoten zu einer lokal optimalen Position zu verschieben. Der Kern unseres Verfahrens ist die Planarity Region. Diese Region beschreibt die einbettungserhaltenen Positionen eines Knotens. Wir werten die finalen Zeichnungen verschiedener Konfigurationen unseres Verfahrens anhand von statistischen Tests aus. Unsere Auswertung zeigt, dass wir eine signifikante Verbesserung der initialen Zeichnungen erreichen und wir bessere Resultate als unsere Implementierung des kräftebasierten Verfahren PrEd erzielen. Abhängig von der Anzahl an Kreuzungen auf einer Kante führt eine Relaxierung unserer Einschränkungen zu einer Verbesserung der Zeichnungen. Nach unserem Wissensstand ist unser Geometric Planarization Drawing Ansatz die erste Heuristik zum Berechnen (möglichst) geradliniger Zeichnungen von Planarisierungen. In der Praxis erreicht unser Verfahren (fast) optimale Lösungen für Zeichnungen mit maximal 3 Kreuzungen auf einer Kante.

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تاریخ انتشار 2017